Because of this, it is better to choose lightweight materials such as foam blocks, timber or panels.
The advantages of increasing the area rented out are obvious. What features have the attic above the garage:
- if the first floor is used for its intended purpose, the smell of fuels and lubricants penetrates the premises of the second floor,
- the inability to use the add-on in the cold season due to lack of heating,
- noise from car repairs being made,
- material costs for structural inspection.
All of these disadvantages, coupled with the need to obtain a permit for the construction of an attic, can outweigh the advantages of making a profit. It is necessary to weigh the pros and cons before proceeding with the implementation of the plan. Practice shows that it is difficult to legalize the attic, the main thing is that the superstructure does not infringe on the rights of other GSC members.
Second
Click to Enlarge
With a classic layout, the second floor is a family recreation area. The following rooms are located on the second floor:
- bedrooms
- children's rooms,
- bathroom in the adult bedroom,
- shared bathroom with bathtub,
- study,
- wardrobe.
Two floor house
Do not place children's rooms and bedrooms above the garage. Since exhaust fumes and gasoline vapors are harmful to the human body.
To exclude the ingress of these substances into residential premises, it is necessary to equip the garage with powerful forced ventilation.
We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the material on the projects of two-story brick houses.
Avoid large corridors on the second floor. It is enough to plan a small space in front of the stairs, into which all the doors of the rooms will go.
What to consider when planning
When designing a two-story house with a garage inside, it is necessary to take into account certain standards:
- Conducting communications. Heating and plumbing systems. When planning heating, it is necessary to consider the costs of it,
- A good ventilation system must be equipped in the garage so that no exhaust fumes and unpleasant odors enter the room above the garage,
- It’s worth taking care of high-quality sound insulation,
- The garage room is not heated in such a volume as residential, so it is necessary to consider the insulation of the floor in the room above the garage,
- If a winter garden is planned to be placed above the garage, it is worthwhile to carry out wall insulation,
- Conducting electricity and placing lighting devices inside the house and in the garage,
- When planning expenses for construction and decoration, always throw 20 percent on unexpected expenses.
Two-story garage: design and construction
A two-story garage of foam blocks is the optimal solution not only for storing a car, but also for arranging an attic living space. The cost per square meter of usable area is significantly reduced due to savings on the foundation and rafter system.
If you wish, you can additionally equip a basement or inspection hole, consider storing spare parts for the car, organize a small workplace for uncomplicated repairs of units.
Advantages and disadvantages of two-level garages
When building a freestanding garage, especially for two cars, its owners often think about the useful use of the space above it.
The construction of the second floor has several advantages:
- there is an additional place for storage of car inventory, utility rooms to create a full-fledged workshop,
- the second floor can be equipped with a living room, and rented out,
- The problem of roof leakage over the machine is solved.
Placing a room above a garage is not profitable for several reasons:
- when the car is warming up, harmful exhaust gases rise up,
- lubricants and fuel materials increase the fire hazard of the room,
- construction is complicated by the need to conduct water supply and sewage during the construction of residential premises.
Features of the building
The construction of a multi-level garage must be accompanied by the development of the project. This document will help determine the features of the premises at the stage of its development. The main nuances of the building, affecting the performance of the garage, include:
- determination of the type of premises: residential, non-residential, whether heavy furniture, equipment or equipment are supposed to be placed,
- the need to bring the heating system, water supply, the organization of ventilation,
- the need for noise insulation of the second floor, if the first is used as a workshop,
- arrangement of stairs outside or indoors,
- groundwater level, freezing depth and the possibility of building a viewing hole,
- arrangement of windows, doors,
- type of material and the ability to strengthen the foundation, walls, floors.
During the construction of the second floor above the premises in the garage cooperative, it is necessary to obtain a special permit.
Preparation of drawings and materials for construction
In order not to draw drawings from scratch, you can use standard designs. They are designed for different types of rooms and dimensions. The most popular garages with living quarters. The size of the rooms, in most cases, is determined by the shape of the roof. It can be single and gable. In recent years, roofs of complex construction, tent-type, have been popular. If the garage is for 2 cars, then the useful area of the second floor increases markedly.
The drawing should show:
- general view of the structure from different angles,
- detailed floor plan
- all engineering systems and materials used are indicated,
- calculations on the volume of building materials.
The choice of material for construction depends on whether the second floor is being completed on an existing garage or the entire building is being built from scratch. In the first case, an expert is called to assess the permissible loads, lightweight materials are chosen: foam blocks, vulture, brook, sandwich panels or frame-panel structures. In the second case, garages are built from any raw material: concrete, brick, log, stone, panels.
Advice! Foam blocks are especially attractive for construction. This material is lightweight, easy to install, has good noise and heat insulation. The cost of the project with its use is approximately 25% less than with other materials.
Safety requirements
There are two requirements for the safety of such a design:
- fire safety. All materials must be non-combustible or with special additives that reduce their flammability,
- strength. If the calculations at the design stage were made with errors or the construction was carried out with a deviation from the drawing, the garage may not withstand the load and collapse.
Step-by-step instruction
After developing the project and determining the procedure for the drawing, they begin to build a garage. The plan is easy to follow all stages of construction. The garage is a fairly simple construction, so its construction can be done with your own hands.
According to the requirements of SNiP, the attic is considered a residential building if its height at the largest point is at least 2.5 meters.
Foundation device
The foundation of the tape type is chosen for garages for two cars, in other cases it can be monolithic. Construction takes place in several stages:
- marking the dimensions of the building on the ground,
- tearing a ditch around the perimeter of the garage. Its depth should be below the level of freezing, usually 1 meter,
Attention! If the foundation is not sufficiently deepened, then during the thaws its displacement is possible. This parameter is individual for each region.
- lay a layer of sand and gravel - 0.2 meters,
- reinforcement of the foundation is installed with a crate of reinforcement,
- the formwork is built and concrete mixture is poured around the entire perimeter immediately. Partial casting reduces the load on the foundation,
- after hardening, waterproofing is organized with two layers of roofing material.
Walls
Most often, brick or foam blocks are used. The thickness of the first walls is one and a half bricks, and in the second case, the construction is carried out in blocks of 60x30x20 centimeters.
The work is carried out as follows:
- laying the first row with closing up the cracks, leveling the base and getting an even base for the next rows,
- in the blocks make grooves and lay reinforcement for reinforcement,
- every 4th row for a foam block or 5th for a brick is reinforced with reinforcement,
- openings for windows and gates are also further strengthened,
- the gates are mounted at a half-meter level of the walls,
- The supporting structures are reinforced with a reinforced concrete belt at a height of 2.5 meters, which is considered optimal for the first floor of the garage.
The construction of the second floor
Rafters are installed on the reinforced concrete layer, and an overlap is organized. It is recommended to choose reinforced concrete slabs for it. The half-ceiling is insulated, and a layer of waterproofing is built. The method by which they will build on the attic depends on the shape of the roof. The most commonly used gable roof.
Rafters at one end abut against load-bearing walls, and at the other - against a central beam or an additional wall. The emphasis on overlapping is undesirable, since reinforced concrete slabs are quite fragile. The roof is covered with any roofing material.
Superstructure ventilation and wiring
In each room, under the ceiling and at floor level, openings for the organization of natural fresh air ventilation are left. They should be 0.2 meters above the floor and 0.15 meters below the ceiling. Their total area does not exceed 0.3% of the area of the room so that air movements are noticeable.
Installation of wiring is performed according to the plan. It is necessary to take care of isolation, because this is a room with increased fire safety requirements. After the walls are erected, water pipes are also bred before finishing.
Electricity in the attic is used for heating. Install radiators, convectors or air conditioning. To do this, provide a separate switch in the shield.
Functional purpose
To correctly draw up a construction plan, initially determine the purpose of the second floor of the garage. If you plan to install large furniture, select a supporting structure that has a solid foundation. Otherwise, it is enough to carry out construction activities that strengthen the load-bearing walls.
Today, car owners increasingly began to build garages on 2 floors or with an attic, which plays the role of an additional upper room
Materials and tools used in construction
What you need to build a two-story garage with your own hands:
- a ladder, a wooden stand, allowing for high-altitude work,
- various jumpers, fastenings, allowing to fix structural elements,
- plastic lining - a proven finishing material,
- brick,
- construction level to control dimensional deviations,
- roulette,
- Bulgarian,
- thermal insulation materials
- screwdriver
- overlap material.
Construction stages
A two-story garage is made of various materials (brick, foam blocks, gas blocks). We suggest using the example of foam blocks to consider how to build a garage yourself. Initially, the foundation is laid. The strength of the future premises, the terms of its operation depend on the correct filling.
If moving soils lie on the construction site, the foundation foundation will need to be made monolithic
To make the foundation solid, proceed in accordance with the following sequence of operations:
- Determine the perimeter of the walls of the room, along the contour, dig a trench 1 m deep. Consider the depth of freezing.
- Evenly fill the bottom of the trench with gravel and sand mixture, providing a layer thickness of 20-30 cm.
- Place the reinforcing harness from the metal rods in the trench. Fasten using wire or welding.
- Pour in concrete, wait for solidification.
The next stage, requiring care and accuracy, is the erection of load-bearing walls. It is recommended to erect external walls using foam blocks 60x30x20cm in size. Fabricate internal partitions using foam blocks of reduced dimensions, reducing the effort perceived by the foundation. Follow the steps in the sequence of operations:
- lay down the lower level of foam blocks. This is a responsible construction phase, as during the implementation of measures, the unevenness of the upper layer of the foundation should be eliminated. Lay foam blocks, controlling the level of masonry,
- fill the cracks with a cement mortar, gently smooth out all the irregularities with the rule,
A two-story garage must be laid out using a solution to which a plasticizer is added
- drill holes in the foam blocks, introduce reinforcing bars reinforcing the strength characteristics of the structure,
- continue masonry with cement mortar, including plasticizers,
- install the gate when reaching the height of the walls being built - 0.5 m,
- continue building walls. Remember that the structure is reinforced with reinforcement installed through 4-5 rows of foam blocks, as well as in the areas of windows, various openings,
- install the ceiling of the second floor, reaching a height of 2.5 meters,
- at the end of the work, be sure to reinforce the masonry with a reinforced concrete belt that provides operational strength.
Make out facades using high-quality material - a professional flooring. Cover the walls from the inside with fireproof plaster (dry or wet).
The next stage is the construction of the upper floor of the building. The process can be divided into several stages:
- Wait until the concrete has solidified, work on the overlap. It is most often performed with reinforced concrete slab or wooden beams.
- Arrange the ceiling.
For the attic device, a gable roof with a rafter base is well suited
Acting according to the instructions, you can quickly, without outside help, build a two-story garage with your own hands. If the garage already exists, but you lack space, you can add a second floor.
Types of add-ons
Depending on the roof design, the appearance of the second floor, attic rooms are divided into:
- a room with one level, the roof is gable. Such a building is practically no different from a conventional insulated attic. The disadvantage is limited space, low ceilings,
- the attic is single-level, the roof is broken gable. Such a roof includes 4 planes located at an angle. The project price is higher. The result is a more spacious room,
- single-level construction, the roof - with the removal of consoles. The room is laborious in design and construction, but there is a moment that compensates for the complexity - the possibility of further installation of windows. The construction of the structure is slightly shifted, therefore partially extends beyond the boundaries of the first floor. The roof device is similar to a single-slope structure,
The garage with the attic, which serves as the second floor, is ready
- multi-level room. It is used less often than other options due to difficulties encountered in the planning and implementation of construction. When arranging a building, a staircase to the second floor from the inside is needed.
The process of building a second floor above the garage
Car owners are trying to maximize the useful area of the garage. Therefore, a second floor often appears on a single-level building.The owner can equip this two-story building, guided by his own plans.
For a garage in which the second floor will be a living room, the best option is a gable roof on a rafter base
If the tensile strength of the foundation is high, you can erect the second floor using brick or cellular concrete blocks. A less costly solution is to build a second floor of wood.
The following requirements are put forward for such add-ons:
- The thickness of the frame under the roof corresponds to twenty-five centimeters (no less). This distance allows you to easily lay the insulation between the rafters.
- Choose a heater that is minimally degraded by moisture. Use polystyrene with a lower heat transfer coefficient.
- Provide ventilation between the heater and the roof.
- Be sure to install a vapor barrier.
- Install soundproofing material if desired.
The technology of the construction of the second floor over an existing garage:
- set the harness using 10x410 cm wooden beams,
- fix the vertical beams at the corners of the structure (the cross section may vary),
- install the intermediate structural elements with a uniform step, fastening them to the strapping with screws or nails.
- Build the inner frame of the room. If necessary, vertical, horizontal wooden beams can be replaced with metal sheets or foam blocks,
- form the roof frame,
- conduct insulation and waterproofing of the surfaces of the room.
To summarize
As you can see, a two-story garage is a convenient, multifunctional room with various uses. The main advantage is the accessibility of the construction process, which allows you to independently build the building necessary for the motorist, adhering to the recommendations set forth in the article. Be patient - everything will work out!
Features of double-decker garage projects
When designing a 2-storey garage, it is necessary, first of all, to determine for what purposes an additional building is being built. Usually, projects of two-story garages are not much different from a one-story building, which has a wooden roof.
If it is planned to place an attic on the second floor with a rafter system, where there will be no heavy furniture or other items with a large mass, then for such a structure it is enough to carry out reinforcement of the bearing walls. If the multi-storey garage will be with a full second floor with stone walls, not only the walls should be strengthened, but also the base under them.
- The second floor above the garage (see How to build the second floor of the garage correctly) turns out to be very cold, especially in winter, due to the fact that the lower unheated floor significantly cools the ceiling. And the price of heating the upper room will be quite high, in addition, high-quality thermal insulation will be required not only to the floor, but also to the attic.
- When using the garage in addition as a workshop, constant characteristic unpleasant sounds appear.
- The construction of a garage with a living room on the second floor will require an additional water supply system, sewage system, installation of a heating system, which will greatly complicate the design of two-story garages and the construction itself. Typically, a room above a garage is used as a workshop, a small office, or as a temporary home.
Any construction begins with the development and approval by the customer of the project.
In its absence, there can be a variety of consequences:
- The foundation will not withstand the loads.
- Missing to the second floor staircase.
- The window opening and other troubles were not made there, which can be quite difficult to fix.
- To get acquainted with the drawings of the building with all types and sections, indicating the material, its quantity and mass.
- Imagine exactly what the future construction will look like, determine the sequence of work.
- Supervise the construction work, the consumption of materials and means during the construction of the garage.
- To facilitate the design and legalization of the building in the event of a change in the owner of the garage.
- The project can be developed with your own hands, but it is better to order it to specialists. The cost of construction is directly affected by the choice of material for the construction of load-bearing walls.
How to build a two-story garage
After the project of the garage is selected, you can proceed with its construction.
Tip: If it is necessary to build a two-story garage as cheaply as possible, foam or cinder blocks should be chosen as the main material (see Garage from a cinder block with your own hands). This lightweight and sufficiently durable material allows you to reduce the time of construction of the building and its cost up to 25%.
In addition, the advantages of foam blocks are:
- Low thermal conductivityThat allows you to keep heat 1.5 times better than brick walls.
- Simple and quick installation.
- Material does not burn, moisture resistant, which excludes its treatment with impregnations and flame retardants against the formation of mold and fungus.
- Duration of operation.
The disadvantage of the material may be its low quality, which is sometimes obtained from individual manufacturers. Therefore, it is better if the first floor is brick, and the second of the foam blocks. Such material for the construction of a garage with an attic has a low weight in comparison with other building materials, which allows not to strengthen the foundation.
Tip: If there is movable soil on the construction site, the foundation foundation must be made monolithic, and the construction of the inspection hole completely excluded.
The most optimal solution
Not so long ago it was accepted to build a garage separately from the house. This was mainly done due to environmental safety. Modern technology allows you to build a garage in the design of residential premises, observing all environmental requirements.
At the planning stage of a private house with a garage, it is necessary to determine the exact location, which will provide the maximum degree of convenience. A parking lot can be planned directly under the house, but then a significant part of the ground floor space will be occupied.
It is possible to use a basement or semi-basement version. In this case, the garage is located below ground level and will have to do an additional drainage system. Rain water should not fall into the lower rooms.
Garage extension
If you have enough space on the land, then the best solution is a full garage attached to a private house. One of the walls of the building, in which there are no window openings, serves as a walling for the garage box. The combination of the structure into a single complex occurs by creating a passage between the residential and technical areas. To do this, cut out the opening and install the door leaf, preferably double.
The construction of a garage box in a country house in the form of a brick extension to the main building leads to the formation of a crack at the junction. This occurs as a result of the subsidence of the foundation, and with it the walls of the new structure. Such a development of events can be avoided if the extension is made of lightweight materials using modern frame technology.
Lightweight frame construction for attaching a garage to a private house
A strip or slab foundation of sufficient cross-section will provide the necessary structural strength. The base should be poured in advance and left for a fairly significant period for settlement. Typically, the foundation is prepared in the fall, and construction work is carried out with the onset of the warm season. Practice shows that this period is quite enough to minimize all possible negative manifestations.
Residential complex with a garage and a bathhouse
A well-maintained house requires a bathroom and a toilet. Recently, the tendency to build private residential buildings with a full range of office and technical premises has become fashionable. Such houses with a bathhouse and a garage are very convenient and practical. When designing for these purposes, separate rooms with corresponding characteristics and properties are provided.
In private residential buildings, a Russian bath or a Finnish sauna with a steam room, a dressing room and a relaxation room can be equipped. They install effective air exchange systems and stoves with a heater. Building and finishing technologies for health centers involve the use of materials that, when heated, do not emit harmful substances. The best material is solid wood.
Layout example of a small house with a garage and a sauna
Projects of houses that are equipped with garages, a great many. You can find a large number of descriptions with photos and drawings made in different projections. Images add clarity and allow you to imagine what this or that house will look like on a particular site. Modern software tools allow you to create including three-dimensional images in 3D.
In this video you can look at the project of a spacious house with a garage for two cars and a summer kitchen
Wall material
Bearing walls can be built in principle from any material. However, the most common double-decker garages of brick and foam blocks - they are strong, durable and resistant to most damaging factors. Block masonry is much cheaper than brick, and it is faster. With the advent of frame technology, it also became possible to build two-level garages from sandwich panels. Lightweight, warm and prefabricated structures allow saving not only on construction lines, but also on cash and labor costs. If you wish, you can build on the top floor over an existing box. To do this, you need to make small changes in the overlap.
The project of a two-story garage - a brick option looks like home
Types of Garage Doors
Swing. The traditional option. These are rather bulky structures that can be supplemented with an automatic opening device. In this case, even a fragile woman can open a massive gate,
Sectional. The most acceptable solution. The gates consist of separate sections that rise to the top of the garage. They take up little space when opened. As a rule, such gates are made of special sandwich panels. The design is very light and does not require a powerful electric motor to open,
Lifting and swiveling. They consist of one continuous section and completely block the entrance to the garage. Such gates occupy a certain part of the garage space. This must be taken into account when parking the car. It must not be placed too close to the gate.
Roll. The cheapest and most reliable option. Several sections having a flexible connection are wound onto a drum located at the top of the garage. This option is most often equipped with a remote control device. Entrance will be open exactly at the moment when you approach the house.
Design Features
When drawing up a preliminary plan for each block of the complex, different subtleties are taken into account:
- House. The number of floors, a set of rooms, their sizes, the presence of a terrace on the second floor or porch, where the entrance area will be located. The location of the bathroom, kitchen, toilet - these rooms are tightly connected by common communications: water, sewage in the house. Therefore, the placement should be close.
- Garage. The size is calculated from the dimensions, the number of cars, whether it will be equipped with an additional storage area with racks, whether an inspection pit is required.
- The bathhouse. It should have a number of rooms: steam room, shower, vestibule, relaxation room, bathroom and sewerage in the bath. Often the bathhouse has two entrances through the house and terrace.
When designing such a complex, they provide for the separation of the garage and bathhouse with a common vestibule or separate entrances to the house. Having drawn up a preliminary plan, they proceed to resolve the following issues:
- The choice of material for the walls.
- Type of foundation. It depends on the previous item and the number of storeys of the proposed structure. More often, a ribbon type of foundation is given preference. The depth parameter is selected depending on the type of soil, the depth of groundwater, the calculated load.
- Roof. A gable roof is recommended for a complex structure. Provides easy sediment flow. The design is less costly than other types. It is better to choose the material “light”: ondulin, slate, metal tile, soft roof.
- Engineering systems. Their compact arrangement will significantly save on materials, ensure uninterrupted operation. At this stage, the location of the kitchen, bathroom and toilet in the house, shower, bathroom in the bath is taken into account.
A site for individual construction costs a lot of money, therefore, the house-garage-bathhouse complex located on it under one roof will significantly save part of the land for other needs. And the financial costs of construction will be reduced, thanks to a common foundation, a single roof, adjacent walls.
Design Features
There are various designs of houses with a garage. When choosing them, the following features should be considered:
- placement of the house and the length of the driveway,
- the location of the garage inside or near the house,
- on which floor is the garage installed.
When arranging a house with a garage, the length of the driveway must be taken into account. It will occupy the usable area of the land.
It is important to achieve the rational use of this territory. It will have to be cleaned during snowfall, which will be some difficulties .. Placing a garage inside the house gives an advantage in heating it, but you need to take care of its ventilation.
Placing a garage inside the house gives an advantage in its heating, however, you need to take care of its ventilation.
It should be at what level the garage is located. If it is located in a zero underground garage, then each time you have to warm up the car engine to exit it.
An ideal option would be to place the garage on one level with the adjacent territory.
Garage under the house
Now we’ll take a closer look at the garage under the house that we talked about earlier. There are several ways to place a garage under the house. The first is to make a spacious basement under the house, which is accessed from the street.
In this case, only a part of the available space can be allocated for a garage, or initially for it a whole part of the space under the house can be allocated. Such a project needs high-quality supporting supports that will reliably hold the floor of the house.
The second option - the location of the garage in the basement. This idea is best suited for areas with a slope, when the creation of a large basement is a prerequisite for creating a project.
At the same time, high-rise buildings are rarely built, especially if underground waters pass under the house at a not very large distance, because a certain distance must be observed from them.
Attic arrangement
Be sure to attic should be included in the heating and ventilation system. The optimum temperature should not be lower than 18 ° C, and humidity not higher than 70%.
In order to achieve the above comfort parameters, an air exchange system should be considered.
The easiest and most effective way of ventilation is to install special ventilating valves on double-glazed windows. The second, even more effective way is to install doors with ventilation openings covered with a protective net.
An effective solution is to install hoods on the ceiling or on the top of the wall. In this case, the channels of the hoods of any type are displayed on the roof.
REFERENCE: It is advisable to insulate the exhaust ducts, this will provide good traction. In order not to waste time on a long process of warming, you can initially purchase sandwich channels designed for attic rooms.
The exhaust duct should rise at least 90 cm above the roof slope. A visor is usually put on top of the duct so that the hood does not flood during rain.
Looks like a garage with a residential attic, see below:
The attic can be heated in several ways:
- One of the most relevant, popular heating methods today is the installation of so-called fireplace inserts in a room. This is a lightweight fireplace design that not only serves as a heating system, but also fits perfectly into any interior, adding a touch of comfort to the atmosphere.
Miniature fireplace inserts are able to heat a room with an area of 60-70 m². Moreover, they are economical, not requiring a large supply of firewood or coal. The presence of a closed firebox and adjustment of the air supply make it possible to increase the efficiency of combustible materials (firewood, coal) by almost 80%.
The second most popular heating method is autonomous heating using a single or double circuit heating boiler. Such a heating system allows you to create the ideal temperature on an area of up to 250 m².
REFERENCE: When installing heating boilers, experts recommend choosing devices with a closed type of furnace. In this case, the issue of smoke removal will be resolved.
A third, less popular, but very effective option is electric heating. Of course, in the current economic crisis, installing an electric convector or radiator can make heating golden.
But there is a good alternative to this option: to heat the room not with a radiator, but with the help of an air conditioner. It will be 40% cheaper. The only such heating method has one drawback - increased noise level.
In conclusion, I would like to add, keep in mind that it is more competent to install heating convectors in such rooms directly under the windows. Thus, an upward type heat flow is created, which will eliminate the occurrence of condensate.
Now you know whether it is possible to build a second floor in a garage and how to do it. Good luck!
Pros of garages with a hozblok
It is not uncommon when all kinds of storage systems are equipped in the garage itself. Moreover, they store not only things related to the car, but also household or household items.
The hozblok will allow to unload the space, if you select a separate pantry. Two is even better. One for seasonal tires, car chemicals, filters and consumables, if the owner prefers to wash the car and conduct preventive / seasonal maintenance of the car with his own hands. And here is the second room allot for storage of everything else: tools, garden furniture, sports equipment.
The interior space of the garage is thus freed only for the car. This is not only convenient and aesthetically pleasing, but also completely eliminates the risks of damage to the paintwork of the body, when you need to take or put something.
They also do with home workshops, which are often arranged in garages. They are given a separate room, which can be accessed either from the yard or from the garage.
Another advantage of combining is saving materials and construction time:
- general foundation pit and formwork for the foundation,
- common interior walls
- common roof from floor to gutter system,
- general blind area, drainage and stormwater.
And as indicated in the introduction, combining two buildings into one saves space on the site.
Garage project with two utility units and a canopyGarage project for two vehicles with utility units
Size always matters
The minimum parking space for one car is approximately four by six meters. Smaller space will make it difficult to fully open the car doors and will not allow you to place additional garage equipment and devices. For two or more cars, the size must be increased accordingly.
Once I happened to see a garage box measuring four and a half by seven meters, in which four Soviet cars fit. Parking all this technique was akin to a circus trick. But in Soviet times they didn’t do that. Now this is not particularly necessary and it is possible to plan the necessary space in advance taking into account all possible prospects.
How to build a second floor
The legislation does not provide for obtaining any permits for the construction of superstructures over garages, therefore, it is not necessary to carry out a set of measures that involve the construction of residential buildings.
However, it is clear that the second floor in the garage cannot be a room for transport storage or an auxiliary building, since the existing building will be built on.
Definition of unauthorized construction
We turn to article 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with the comments of 2017-2018.
- unauthorized construction includes construction on a plot of land for the construction of which there is no permit,
- or the development was completed in violation of the rules of urban planning.
If the attic above the garage is classified as unauthorized development, the building cannot be sold or inherited. Therefore, it will be necessary to prove in court that the construction of the second floor was completed to create an additional room for storage of garage property.
The second floor in the garage cannot become an unauthorized building by definition. It is being built over a non-residential building, and not on a plot of land.
Building permit
- Obtaining an expert assessment of the structural strength of the garage. To do this, you must contact the organization that has the right to conduct such a survey. After the specialist determines whether the flooded foundation of the garage will withstand the additional superstructure, recommendations will be given on what needs to be done so that the dilapidated building can withstand the increased load. The older the garage, the more expensive its reconstruction will be.
- Obtaining written permission to the attic, issued by the chairman of the GSK.
- Apply for permission in the architecture department for the construction of an additional floor above the garage.
- Get a construction project with an examination.
- Proceed to construction.
- To put the object into operation, for this, contact the BTI and get a new technical passport for the building.
Features of the arrangement of living space
To independently equip your own apartment in the garage, you will have to familiarize yourself with the nuances of arranging such a home.
What you should pay attention to
When arranging a living space, they pay attention to thermal insulation and waterproofing, which help create comfortable living conditions. For external insulation of constructions, foam or mineral wool are used, which are trimmed with lining and siding
Also, the walls are sheathed with special thermal panels that are able to maintain the optimum temperature inside.
For internal insulation use plasterboard sheets or foam.
Plumbing
When equipping a garage, care must be taken to make it possible to use plumbing, without which it is impossible to create comfortable living conditions. To organize a kitchen and a bathroom, communication systems are carried out. The specialist who regularly conducts water to private houses and apartments should conduct water supply.
Heating system and features of wall insulation
To organize an autonomous heating system, a gas fireplace is installed inside the structure. It is also possible to equip the structure with a heating system that will run on solid fuel, electricity or natural gas if gas cylinders are installed inside. Experts advise installing electric boilers in garages, since for their work it is enough to connect electricity.
Site preparation
The upper fertile layer is removed, if necessary, the soil leveling is performed. If the design provided for the connection of a water supply and sewage system, then trenches are digging under the engineering networks. During the preparation of the construction site, all excavation work must be carried out, the excess soil is leveled or removed outside the site.
Foundation construction
Due to the fact that the foam blocks have a small specific gravity, for the garage it is enough to make a tape shallow foundation.
Sectional foundation tape
To compensate for the swelling of the earth during freezing / freezing, a sand cushion with a thickness of 15–20 cm is necessarily made. The tape is reinforced with construction reinforcement Ø 8–10 mm, reinforcement must be poured from all sides with a layer of concrete with a thickness of at least five centimeters. Otherwise, the metal reinforcing belt will not work as a single structure.
During the marking of the foundation tape, the layout of the two-story garage is taken into account, all corners should only be right. The spread in height between the extreme points is within ± 2 cm. The horizontal level of the upper plane of the tape can be checked with a laser or water level; when detecting alignment differences, it is done with a cement-sand mortar. After pouring, the foundation must be given at least two weeks to gain strength. During the pouring period, technological holes are left for the supply of pipes and other utilities.
Masonry walls
First you need to calculate the number of foam blocks. To do this, you need to find out the volume of the walls and divide the obtained value by the volume of one block. For each material, a stock of approximately 5–8% for non-productive waste must be made. Foam blocks are laid only on the waterproofing layer; it is recommended to use two layers of roofing material as a waterproofing material. The horizontal position of the rows is checked by a rope stretched between the extreme corners.
Garage Wall View
The last row is fixed with metal rods, it acts as a Mauerlat, it must withstand not only vertical, but also horizontal loads. On the Mauerlat, the strapping of the rafter system is installed.
During masonry, openings are left for windows and gates, jumpers can be metal or reinforced concrete. The dimensions of the openings must meet the design documentation. The gates can be swing, sliding or rolling. If the gate is very heavy, then the box is made of a metal profile of increased strength. To facilitate installation during masonry, special mortgages are installed in the openings.
Ceiling and floor
The ground floor should have a solid floor, reinforced concrete pouring is recommended. If there will be a viewing hole in the garage, then the walls should be filled with liquid glass, this material does not allow ground water. For the ceiling of a two-story garage, wooden beams are used; the ceiling of the garage can be covered with drywall. The floor on the second floor is made of natural boards, laminate, OSB boards and other building materials. Mineral wool is used for floor insulation, the thickness of the insulation is not less than children of centimeters, otherwise heat losses increase significantly, it is difficult to maintain favorable climatic conditions in the premises of the second floor.
Rafter system
The most complex design element of a two-story garage. The strapping is made from a bar 100 × 100 mm, rafters from boards 20 × 50 mm. The number of rafters depends on the size of the building and the type of roofing material.
In order for all elements to have the same dimensions, it is necessary to start making a template, check its position on the roof and make all the remaining rafters on it. If the garage will have residential attic rooms, then the roof should be insulated. As a heater, rolled or pressed mineral wool can be used. The use of foam plates is not recommended for two reasons: high flammability and insufficient environmental friendliness of the material. Warming should have reliable steam protection, mineral wool reacts very negatively to an increase in relative humidity. An increase in humidity dramatically increases the thermal conductivity. In addition, all wooden structures located next to wet mineral wool quickly lose their original properties.
Rafter mount
Fastening rafters can be done by the traditional method with sawing. Modern construction allows fixing structures only with the help of metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Mounting trusses
The first two extreme rafters are exposed, their position is checked. If everything is normal, then the extreme rafter trusses are temporarily fixed using pieces of lumber. A rope is pulled along the skates of the extreme rafters and all the remaining elements are exposed on it.
The construction of the roof ends with the construction of the lathing. Its type and linear parameters depend on the characteristics of the roofing material. For flexible roofs, a continuous crate is made of moisture-proof sheet plywood or OSB boards. The metal tile and the metal profile are laid on a crate of 10 × 30 mm battens.
Electrical wiring
The work is carried out with unconditional compliance with the requirements of the PUE, the cable cross-section is selected depending on the maximum power of consumers. It is recommended that the possibility of increasing the number of consumers.
Wiring diagram
Electrical protection fittings are mounted in a special electrical panel. Valves parameters depend on energy consumption modes and technical characteristics of the connected equipment.
